Biography of Ir. Soekarno – The First President of Indonesia
Sukarno was an Indonesian statesman, revolutionary, orator, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists.
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| Full Name (Nama Lengkap) |
Ir. Soekarno |
|---|---|
| Nickname (Nama Alias) |
Bung Karno |
| Old / previos name (Nama kecil) |
Kusno Sosrodihardjo |
| Brithdate / Born (Tempat, Tanggal Lahir) |
Surabaya, June 6, 1901 |
| Occupation (Pekerjaan) |
Statesman, Revolutionary, Politician |
| Sex / Gender (Jenis kelamin) |
Male |
| Religion (Agama) |
Islam |
| Parents (Nama Ayah & Ibu) |
Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo (father), Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai (mother) |
| Grandparent (Nama Kakek & Nenek) |
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| Spouse (Nama Istri) |
Fatmawati, Hartini, Ratna Sari Dewi, Kartini Manopo, Haryati, Yurike Sanger, Heldy Djafar |
| Children (Anak) |
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| Education (Pendidikan) |
HIS in Surabaya, Hogere Burger School (HBS), Technische Hoogeschool (THS) in Bandung |
| Grave | Blitar, East Java |
| Died | Jakarta, June 21 1970 |
Dr. (HC) Ir. Soekarno (EYD: Sukarno, birth name: Koesno Sosrodihardjo) (born in Surabaya, East Java, June 6, 1901 – died in Jakarta, June 21, 1970 at the age of 69 years) was the first President of Indonesia who served in the period 1945-1966.
After his accountability was rejected by the Provisional People’s Consultative Assembly (MPRS) at the fourth general session in 1967, Soekarno was dismissed from his position as president at the Special Session of the MPRS in the same year and Soeharto replaced him as acting President of the Republic of Indonesia.
Achmed Soekarno
In several Western countries, Soekarno’s name is sometimes written as Achmed Soekarno. This happened because when Soekarno first visited the United States, a number of journalists asked, “What was Soekarno’s childhood name?” because they did not understand the habits of some people in Indonesia who only used one name or did not have a family name. Somehow, someone then added the name Achmed in front of Soekarno’s name. This also happened in several Wikipedias, such as the Danish and Spanish Wikipedias.
Sukarno said that he got the name Achmed when he performed the hajj pilgrimage. In several other versions, it is said that the name Achmed was given in front of Sukarno’s name by Muslim diplomats from Indonesia who were on overseas missions in an effort to gain recognition of Indonesia’s sovereignty by Arab countries.
Biography of Sukarno – Childhood and Adolescence
Soekarno was born to a father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and a mother named Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. The two met when Raden Soekemi, who was a teacher, was placed at the Native Elementary School in Singaraja, Bali. Nyoman Rai was a descendant of Balinese nobility and was Hindu, while Raden Soekemi himself was Muslim. They had a daughter named Sukarmini before Soekarno was born. When he was little, Soekarno lived with his grandfather, Raden Hardjokromo in Tulung Agung, East Java.
He attended school for the first time in Tulung Agung until he finally moved to Mojokerto, following his parents who were assigned to the city. In Mojokerto, his father put Soekarno in Eerste Inlandse School, the school where he worked. Then in June 1911 Soekarno was transferred to Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) to make it easier for him to be accepted at Hoogere Burger School (HBS). In 1915, Soekarno had completed his education at ELS and successfully continued to HBS in Surabaya, East Java. He was accepted at HBS with the help of a friend of his father named H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto.
Tjokroaminoto even provided a place for Soekarno to stay in his boarding house. In Surabaya, Soekarno met many leaders of Sarekat Islam, an organization led by Tjokroaminoto at that time, such as Alimin, Musso, Dharsono, Haji Agus Salim, and Abdul Muis. Soekarno was then active in the activities of the Tri Koro Dharmo youth organization which was formed as an organization from Budi Utomo. He then changed the name of the organization to Jong Java (Pemuda Jawa) in 1918. In addition, Soekarno was also active in writing in the daily “Oetoesan Hindia” led by Tjokroaminoto.
Soekarno as a student at HBS Soerabaja
Graduating from HBS Soerabaja in July 1921, together with Djoko Asmo, a classmate at HBS, Soekarno continued to Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now ITB) in Bandung majoring in civil engineering in 1921, after two months he left college, but in 1922 he re-registered and graduated in 1926. Soekarno was declared to have passed the engineering exam on May 25, 1926 and on the 6th Dies Natalis of TH Bandung on July 3, 1926 he graduated with eighteen other engineers.
Prof. Jacob Clay as the head of the faculty at that time stated “Especially important is the event for us because there are 3 Javanese engineers among them”. They are Soekarno, Anwari, and Soetedjo, besides that there is another person from Minahasa, namely Johannes Alexander Henricus Ondang.
While in Bandung, Soekarno lived in the residence of Haji Sanusi who was a member of the Sarekat Islam and a close friend of Tjokroaminoto. There he interacted with Ki Hajar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangunkusumo, and Dr. Douwes Dekker, who was at that time the leader of the National Indische Partij organization.
Biography of Sukarno – As an architect.
Bung Karno was the first president of Indonesia who was also known as an architect, an alumni of the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now ITB) in Bandung, majoring in civil engineering and graduating in 1926.
Work in the Field of Architecture
Ir. Soekarno in 1926 founded an engineering bureau with Ir. Anwari, working on many building designs. Furthermore, together with Ir. Rooseno also designed and built houses and other types of buildings.
When exiled in Bengkulu, he took the time to design several houses and completely renovate the Jami mosque in the city center.
Influence on Architectural Works During His Time as President
During his time as president, there were several architectural works that were influenced or initiated by Soekarno. Also a marathon trip from May to July in 1956 to the United States, Canada, Italy, West Germany, and Switzerland. Making Soekarno’s horizon of thought increasingly rich in arranging Indonesia holistically and presenting it as a newly independent country.
Soekarno targeted Jakarta as the face of Indonesia related to several international scale activities held in the city, but also planned a city from the start that was expected to be the center of government in the future. Some works were influenced by Soekarno or by his order and coordination with several architects such as Frederich Silaban and R.M. Soedarsono, assisted by several junior architects for visualization. Several architectural designs were also made through competitions.